nizam notes archive github

A blog on technical topics I like, written from first principles. Each essay leans on plots and figures you can move, because an idea only lands once you have seen it.

Writing

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Deriving Reinforcement Learning from the Bellman Equation

Bellman as a fixed point, the dual linear program and the state–action polytope, and where online, offline and language-model RL sit inside that picture.

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Deriving the Prior-Data Fitted Network

From Bayesian prediction to tabular in-context learning, Do-PFN, and time-series forecasting. With figures you can move.

Notes

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Reinforcement learning: a synthesis

A long working note from MDPs and the Bellman equation to policy gradients, offline RL and GRPO, with every claim marked derived, cited or recalled.